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This project is part of Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) which addresses converging scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. Specifically, the goal of this project, is to better understand the effects climate change imposes on society and the built environment and develop risk assessments for future adaptive planning. This dataset provides ground temperature data in the active layer and near-surface permafrost to provide a baseline for assessing the future changes in the near-surface temperatures in the natural and disturbed environment in the vicinity of the city of Fairbanks, Alaska, United States and the city of Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. Collected ground temperature data are intended to help researchers, communities and public with ongoing activities to mitigate a threat of thawing permafrost on the local and regional scale, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. 

This work coordinates data collection using standard equipment and protocols at North American and Russian sites. These data sets provide the baseline to assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. The work represents the United States (US) contribution to the ongoing activities of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost that obtains temperatures in a large number of globally distributed monitoring sites in order to provide a snapshot of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) funded this work with award #0520578, #0632400, #0856864, and #1304271. 

This work coordinates data collection using standard equipment and protocols at North American and Russian sites. These data sets provide the baseline to assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. The work represents the United States (US) contribution to the ongoing activities of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost that obtains temperatures in a large number of globally distributed monitoring sites in order to provide a snapshot of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. The US National Science Foundation funded this work with award #0520578, #0632400, #0856864, and #1304271. 

Abstract The thawing of permafrost in the Arctic has led to an increase in coastal land loss, flooding, and ground subsidence, seriously threatening civil infrastructure and coastal communities. However, a lack of tools for synthetic hazard assessment of the Arctic coast has hindered effective response measures. We developed a holistic framework, the Arctic Coastal Hazard Index (ACHI), to assess the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to permafrost thawing, coastal erosion, and coastal flooding. We quantified the coastal permafrost thaw potential (PTP) through regional assessment of thaw subsidence using ground settlement index. The calculations of the ground settlement index involve utilizing projections of permafrost conditions, including future regional mean annual ground temperature, active layer thickness, and talik thickness. The predicted thaw subsidence was validated through a comparison with observed long-term subsidence data. The ACHI incorporates the PTP into seven physical and ecological variables for coastal hazard assessment: shoreline type, habitat, relief, wind exposure, wave exposure, surge potential, and sea-level rise. The coastal hazard assessment was conducted for each 1 km²coastline of North Slope Borough, Alaska in the 2060s under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 forcing scenarios. The areas that are prone to coastal hazards were identified by mapping the distribution pattern of the ACHI. The calculated coastal hazards potential was subjected to validation by comparing it with the observed and historical long-term coastal erosion mean rates. This framework for Arctic coastal assessment may assist policy and decision-making for adaptation, mitigation strategies, and civil infrastructure planning. 

This project is part of Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) which addresses converging scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. Specifically, the goal of this project, is to better understand the effects climate change imposes on society and the built environment and develop risk assessments for future adaptive planning. This dataset provides ground temperature data in the active layer and near-surface permafrost to provide a baseline for assessing the future changes in the near-surface temperatures in the natural and disturbed environment in the vicinity of the city of Fairbanks, Alaska. Collected ground temperature data are intended to help researchers, communities and public with ongoing activities to mitigate a threat of thawing permafrost on the local and regional scale, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. 

Abstract Currently, more than half of the world’s human population lives in urban areas, which are increasingly affected by climate hazards. Little is known about how multi-hazard environments affect people, especially those living in urban areas in northern latitudes. This study surveyed homeowners in Anchorage and Fairbanks, USA, Alaska’s largest urban centers, to measure individual risk perceptions, mitigation response, and damages related to wildfire, surface ice hazards, and permafrost thaw. Up to one third of residents reported being affected by all three hazards, with surface ice hazards being the most widely distributed, related to an estimated $25 million in annual damages. Behavioral risk response, policy recommendations for rapidly changing urban environments, and the challenges to local governments in mitigation efforts are discussed.